Background
In the search for seizure control in pets, Phenobarbitone and potassium bromide are the dominant medications. Unfortunately, these medications are not always appropriate for cats. Phenobarbitone, for example, requires extensive metabolism in the liver, can actually cause liver damage, and is associated with numerous drug interactions. Potassium bromide cannot be used in cats because it can induce inflammatory lung disease.
As advances are made in seizure control in humans, medications eventually spill down into veterinary use and Levetiracetam is a good example. Levetiracetam has been effective in human seizure control and has the added benefit of not being broken down by the body. (It is removed unchanged by the kidneys and thus does not pose a problem for patients with pre-existing liver diseases.) With the introduction of generics, Levetiracetam became affordable for most pet owners.
Exactly how Levetiracetam controls seizures in the brain remains unknown.
How this medication is used
Levetiracetam can be used alone or in combination with other seizure control medications. The chief disadvantage of Levetiracetam is that it must be given three times daily in most cats. The more inconvenient a drug’s dosing schedule is, the easier it is to skip doses which, in this case, could increase the chance of your cat’s seizures recurring. It is important therefore to give this medication on a regular schedule although we understand that sometimes your cat will disagree!
Side effects
There are few side effects with this medication. All seizure control medications have potential to cause drowsiness. Some cats lose their appetites temporarily when beginning Levetiracetam.
Concerns and cautions
Tolerance can develop to Levetiracetam when it is used long term, which means that it will not work as well. If you think this is occurring, a new seizure medication will likely be needed.
Please do not hesitate to get in touch if you have any concerns about giving your cat Levetiracetam